Comprehensive Shield 2025 : An Explorative Study of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Operations Planning Process (Final Report)

This study marks a historic milestone: the first joint artificial intelligence (AI)- enabled operational planning experiment conducted by the Norwegian Defence University College (NDUC) and the Swedish Defence University (SEDU). Integrated into Exercise Comprehensive Shield 2025 (CS25), the study explored the practical and pedagogical implications of using AI-based decision support systems (DSS) in military planning during professional military education (PME). The study explored AI’s influence on planning, time efficiency, cognitive load, educational impact, and user attitudes.